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Tri Pramana, three means to
know something:
1. Agama Pramana, through knowledge from the scripture
and sage.
2. Anumana Pramana, through experiment and analytical
study.
3.
Pratyaksa Pramana, through direct experience.
Panca Shrada, five holy convictions:
1. Belief in the existent of the ultimate One.
2.
Belief in the existent of the Soul.
3. Belief in the existent of
Karma Law.
4. Belief in the existent of Reincarnation.
5. Belief in the existent of Moksa or Liberation.
Tri Guna,
three intrinsic qualities of matter:
1. Satwam, truth and
goodness.
2. Rajas, active and full of passion.
3. Tamas,
passive or inertia.
Catur Asrama, four stages of
life:
1. Brahmacari, learning knowledge and wisdom.
2.
Grehasta, build a family, collecting wealth.
3. Wanaprasta, toward
more spiritual life.
4. Sanyasin, renounced earthly matter.
Catur Yoga, four ways to achieve unity with Brahman or
the
absolute:
1. Jnana Yoga, unity through knowledge and wisdom.
2. Bhakti
Yoga, unity through devotion.
3. Karma Yoga, unity through selfless
action.
4. Raja Yoga, unity through spiritual practice or
meditation.
Catur Warna, four
professional division of society:
1. Brahmana, religious matter
profession.
2. Ksatrya, political and military profession.
3. Waisya, business profession.
4. Sudra, employee and physical work
profession.
Tri Warga, three
means to achieve Moksa or liberation:
1. Dharma, righteousness.
2. Artha, financial.
3. Kama, pleasure or desire.
One of
the messages is, whenever we collect material
things or wealth, and whenever
we enjoy pleasures, we
should always do such things in accordance or based on
Dharma or truth.
Sadripu, six
enemies:
1. Kama, pleasure or desire.
2. Lobha, greed.
3. Krodha, anger.
4. Mada, drunk or under influence of strong emotion.
5. Moha, confusion.
6. Matsarya, jealousy.
Sadatatayi, six types of sadistic killer:
1. Agnida, burn
other belonging.
2. Wisada, poisoning.
3. Atharwa,
practicing negative magic.
4. Sastraghna, run amok.
5.
Dratikrama, raping.
6. Rajapisuna, slandering to the result of some
one
death.
Saptatimira, seven darkness or
drunkenness:
1. Surupa, beautiful face.
2. Dhana, wealth.
3. Guna, knowledge.
4. Kulina, genealogical matter.
5.
Yowana, youth.
6. Sura, alcoholic or unhealthy drink.
7.
Kasuran, victory.
Trikaya Parisudha, three
type of conducts that should
be purified:
1. Kayika, physical
action.
2. Wacika, speech.
3. Manacika, thought.
Panca Yama Brata, five things concerned with moral
life:
1. Ahimsa, non violence.
2. Brahmacari, self control on passion.
3. Satya, faithful or sincerity.
4. Awyawaharika, act based on peace
and sincerity.
5. Asteya, non stealing and non cheating.
Panca Niyama Brata,
five things concerned with moral
life:
1. Akrodha, not
controlled by anger.
2. Guru susrusa, loyal to implement the
teacher's
teaching.
3. Sauca, purity of body and mind.
4. Aharalagawa, eat as much as needed.
5. Aparamada, sincerity
in learning and practicing
holy teaching.aaa
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Dasa Yama Brata,
ten things concerned with moral life:
1. Anresangsya or Arimbawa,
not egoistic.
2. Ksama, forgiving.
3. Satya, faithful
or sincere.
4. Ahimsa, non violence.
5. Dama, able to
advice one own self.
6. Arjawa, honest in defending the truth.
7. Ijya, loving all creature.
8. Prasada, purity of heart and
never thinking about
reward.
9. Madurya, polite and have good
manner.
10. Mardawa, humility.
Dasa Niyama Brata,
ten things concerned with moral
life:
1. Dana, giving
charity.
2. Ijya, devotion to the absolute and ancestors.
3. Tapa,
self exercise for self endurance.
4. Dhyana, focus to the
absolute.
5. Swadhyaya, learn and understand the holy teaching.
6. Upasthanigraha, controlling sexual desire.
7. Brata,
faithful to one own oath.
8. Upawasa, fasting.
9.
Mona, controlling speech.
10. Snana, purifying the
body-and-mind, and praying.
Veda scriptures often mention sacrifice,
in which
Brahmana groups often refer to this as physical
religious
sacrifice such as using fire, water, food
etc. Although some other
Vedic scholars and Hindu
sages refer to this as a general sacrifice
that can be
performed and offered by human, this include
non-egoistic actions, learning knowledge and wisdom
and propagate them
to the society, devotion, etc.
which is not always associated with
physical religious
offering. In Bali today, the first mentioned
meanings
of sacrifice is more prominent, although some more
philosophical based Ashram and Hindu or Dharma
religious groups has
born in Bali to bring forward
also their more philosophical meanings.
Panca Yadnya, five sacrifices:
1. Dewa Yadnya,
sacrifice to God.
2. Pitra Yadnya, sacrifice to ancestor.
3. Rsi Yadnya, sacrifice to sage.
4. Butha Yadnya, sacrifice to
nature and its spirit.
5. Manusa Yadnya, sacrifice to people and
society.
Other mantras from Veda and other Hindu scriptures
familiar to the Balinese are the followings.
Om Swastyastu, used when opening speech, writing etc.
O The
Supreme, may all in good condition.
Ekam sat viprah bahudha vadanti.
One existence, the
wise call it with different names.
Ekam eva advityam brahman. Only one without a second
is Brahman.
Tat tvam asi. That is you. It means all
is one.
Aham brahmasmi. I am Brahman.
Satyam sivam sundaram.
Truth, goodness, beauty.
Moksartham jagaddhitaya ca iti dharmah. The objective
of dharma if
for soul liberation and welfare of the
world.
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